{"id":3141,"date":"2023-06-28T14:03:30","date_gmt":"2023-06-28T14:03:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/?p=3141"},"modified":"2026-02-12T07:59:45","modified_gmt":"2026-02-12T07:59:45","slug":"stages-of-group-development","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/fr\/collaboration\/stages-of-group-development\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu'est-ce que la formation, la confrontation, la normalisation et l'ex\u00e9cution ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"translation-block\">If you\u2019ve ever had to work on a project with other people, chances are, you have experienced Tuckman\u2019s stages of group development firsthand.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The forming, storming, norming, and performing stages of group development indicate a <strong>path most teams need to take to reach a state of <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/collaboration\/5-strategies-for-effective-team-collaboration\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>effective collaboration<\/strong><\/a>. Additionally, going through the initial 4 stages will help you arrive at the fifth stop on that road \u2014 the adjourning stage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">As you\u2019ll soon learn, each of those phases comes with unique challenges and opportunities you can take advantage of.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">But, taking advantage of a process would require you to understand the steps contained within it \u2014 which is what we\u2019re here to help you with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">In this article, we\u2019ll go through the:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">5 stages of group development proposed by the American psychological researcher, Bruce Tuckman,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Main markers of each phase as well as the transitions between these stages, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Examples of communication that illustrate each point in the process.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">After discussing those points, we\u2019ll also go over <strong>2 critiques<\/strong> of Tuckman\u2019s model.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">So, without further ado, let\u2019s start by establishing where this model even comes from.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/What-is-forming-storming-norming-and-performing-cover.png\" alt=\"What is forming, storming, norming, and performing-cover\" class=\"wp-image-3163\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/What-is-forming-storming-norming-and-performing-cover.png 1200w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/What-is-forming-storming-norming-and-performing-cover-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/What-is-forming-storming-norming-and-performing-cover-1024x512.png 1024w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/What-is-forming-storming-norming-and-performing-cover-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/What-is-forming-storming-norming-and-performing-cover-18x9.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"where-do-forming-storming-norming-and-performing-come-from\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Where do forming, storming, norming, and performing come from?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Forming, storming, norming, and performing are steps in the process of group development proposed by American psychologist Bruce Tuckman in 1965.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">More specifically, these terms mark the <strong>milestones teams reach while they\u2019re working on a project together<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">More than anything else, the model is now used to envision <strong>how groups can reach their greatest potential and become efficient<\/strong>, <a href=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/collaboration\/importance\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">collaborative teams<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">In short, these terms \u2014 forming, storming, norming, and performing \u2014 signify the:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Formation of a team<\/strong> in the beginning stages of a project,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Interpersonal tensions<\/strong> that arise as people try to find their footing in the team and learn about each other\u2018s preferences,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Normalization of relationships<\/strong> on the team as everyone comes to <a href=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/collaboration\/team-roles\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">understand their roles<\/a> and respect each others\u2019 contributions, and the<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Unity<\/strong> that is reached as all the pieces fall into place and everyone starts performing their roles to the best of their ability.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">There is also a <strong>fifth stage that was later added to this model<\/strong>, which marks the <strong>team\u2019s dissolution at the end of a project<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Notably, this theory places a lot of emphasis on the <strong>team leader\u2019s role<\/strong> as the person who can <strong>help the team transition between each of these stages<\/strong> rather than collapsing in on itself at the first sign of trouble.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">But, these are only the rough strokes of this group development theory. To get past the surface level, we have to know how this model came about, in the first place.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group pro-tip\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><strong>\ud83c\udf93 Pumble Pro Tip<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Before we delve into this subject matter, we should know what it takes to establish collaboration within a team. To learn more, check out this guide:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/collaboration\/collaboration-requirements\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Prerequisites for team collaboration<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">\n<div class=\"banner banner-dark pumble-gradient-features\">\n    <div class=\"banner-text lg:pr-[6rem]\">\n        <h2 class=\"translation-block text-2xl !mb-4\">Work, communicate, collaborate<\/h2>\n        <p class=\"translation-block !text-sm\">Communicate and collaborate effectively with Pumble, an all-in-one digital HQ.<\/p>\n\n        <div class=\"banner-buttons d-flex space-x-4 translation-block\">\n            <a class=\"rounded-md px-6 py-2 bg-white\" href=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/feature-list\" target=\"_blank\">See features<\/a>\n\n                            <a class=\"button-2\" href=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/register\" target=\"_blank\">Join Pumble<\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"banner-image banner-image-middle \">\n        <picture>\n            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/themes\/cake-learn\/src\/images\/pumble\/banners\/features@2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Illustration\"  media=\"(min-width: 1022px)\" \/>\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/themes\/cake-learn\/src\/images\/pumble\/banners\/features.png\"  alt=\"Illustration\" \/>\n        <\/picture>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n    <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"tuckmans-stages-of-group-development\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Tuckman&#8217;s stages of group development<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">In Bruce Tuckman\u2019s words, the article he wrote for the <a href=\"https:\/\/web.mit.edu\/curhan\/www\/docs\/Articles\/15341_Readings\/Group_Dynamics\/Tuckman_1965_Developmental_sequence_in_small_groups.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Psychological Bulletin in 1965<\/a> never had any loftier goals than <strong>producing a theoretical model of the stages of group development<\/strong> that is <strong>representative of the research provided by existing literature<\/strong> at the time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">In addition to the forming, storming, norming, and performing stages of group development, the article also <strong>presented 2 other classifications<\/strong> found in research on small group dynamics. These classifications were based on the:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Settings<\/strong> in which a group is found (group therapy, HR training, naturally-formed groups, and laboratory-task setting), and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Realm<\/strong> into which the group behavior falls (interpersonal or task-driven).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Even so, Tuckman devoted most of his original paper to showcasing the 4 stages of group development he identified in research on different kinds of groups.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The now-famous terminology of <em>forming<\/em>, <em>storming<\/em>, <em>norming<\/em>, and <em>performing<\/em> came from the discussion segment of the paper. These terms were Tuckman\u2019s shorthand for the events that take place during each of the stages he identified. The table below showcases the main components of the original phases of group development.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th><strong>Tuckman\u2019s shorthand<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Stage meaning<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Task activities<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>FORMING<\/td><td>Testing and dependence<\/td><td>Orientation to task<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>STORMING<\/td><td>Intragroup conflict<\/td><td>Emotional response to task demands<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NORMING<\/td><td>Development of group cohesion<\/td><td>Open exchange of relevant interpretations<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>PERFORMING<\/td><td>Functional role relatedness<\/td><td>Emergence of solutions<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">More than a decade later, Tuckman wrote a <a href=\"http:\/\/faculty.wiu.edu\/P-Schlag\/articles\/Stages_of_Small_Group_Development.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">follow-up article with collaborator Mary Ann Jensen<\/a>, in which he examined 22 studies that came out between 1965 and 1977. As a result, they added a fifth stage to his model of group development \u2014 adjourning \u2014 which represents the termination of group activities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">With that being said, let\u2019s talk about each of these stages in greater detail.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"what-are-the-5-stages-of-group-development\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">What are the 5 stages of group development?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Now that we know how Tuckman arrived at his 5 stages of group development, we can look at <strong>how groups move through these phases and what they all represent <\/strong>individually.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Going forward, we\u2019ll discuss the:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Individual stages of group development,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Key points and processes that take place during each phase, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Transitional activities between stages.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">We\u2019ll also show this progression through messages exchanged between members of a fictitious digital marketing team on Pumble \u2014 their <a href=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/internal-communication-software\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">internal communication software<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">\n<div class=\"banner banner-dark pumble-gradient-default\">\n    <div class=\"banner-text lg:pr-[6rem]\">\n        <h2 class=\"translation-block text-2xl !mb-4\">Free team communication app<\/h2>\n        <p class=\"translation-block !text-sm\">Improve collaboration and cut down on emails by moving your team communication to Pumble.<\/p>\n\n        <div class=\"banner-buttons d-flex space-x-4 translation-block\">\n            <a class=\"rounded-md px-6 py-2 bg-white\" href=\"\/register\" target=\"_blank\">Sign up<\/a>\n\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"banner-image banner-image-right \">\n        <picture>\n            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/themes\/cake-learn\/src\/images\/pumble\/banners\/default@2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Illustration\"  media=\"(min-width: 1022px)\" \/>\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/themes\/cake-learn\/src\/images\/pumble\/banners\/default.png\"  alt=\"Illustration\" \/>\n        <\/picture>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n    <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">So, without further ado, let\u2019s start with the forming stage of team development!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"step-1-forming-stage-of-group-development-explained\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Step #1: Forming stage of group development explained<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">In Tuckman\u2019s 1965 paper, the author initially marked the first stage he noticed in group development research as one of \u201ctesting and dependence.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Of the 26 group development studies he analyzed, 18 identified the first stage with one (or both) of these terms. The term \u201ctesting\u201d refers to the fact that <strong>group members typically use this phase to determine which interpersonal behaviors are acceptable<\/strong> based on the others\u2019 reactions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Another synthesis of group development studies Tuckman referenced identified <strong><em>hesitant participation<\/em><\/strong> as the first stage of group development. In line with that, during this stage, group <strong>members tend to fall back on politeness<\/strong> and <a href=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/blog\/formal-communication\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">formal communication<\/a> as they take time to <strong>assess the other personalities<\/strong> on the team.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Aside from this reserve, the <strong>prevailing emotions<\/strong> that are felt are <strong>optimism and anticipation<\/strong>, with a dose of<strong> teamwork-related anxiety<\/strong> added for good measure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">In reference to the group\u2019s <strong>main task<\/strong>, the forming stage corresponds with the <strong>identification of relevant parameters<\/strong>. Additionally, the team must determine <strong>how individual group members\u2019 skills can be used to accomplish the group\u2019s goal<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Overall, according to a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/352815932_Group_Development_Stages_A_Brief_Comparative_Analysis_of_Various_Models\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">2021 comparative analysis<\/a> of various group development models, Tuckman\u2019s <strong>first stage is characterized by<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">A <strong>lack of role clarity<\/strong>, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">A <strong>desire to assess the capacities and goals of fellow team members<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">During this stage, a leader emerges to meet the team\u2019s collective need for a unified vision. Additionally, most group members form an opinion about the others as well as the task they\u2019ve been assigned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Key points for the forming stage:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">The team comes together to complete a task\/project.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Relationships between members are polite and distant.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Members attempt to gauge each others\u2019 skills.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">They feel optimistic, curious, but also anxious.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Boundaries are tested and ground rules are established.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"communication-during-the-forming-stage-of-team-development\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Communication during the forming stage of team development<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">According to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/christypruitthaynes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Christy Pruitt-Haynes<\/a>, Global Head of Talent Management and Performance at the NeuroLeadership Institute, the forming stage is crucial to the success of the team and its project:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns pro-blockquote is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"443\" height=\"443\" src=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/christy-pruitt-haynes.jpg\" alt=\"christy pruitt-haynes\" class=\"wp-image-3144\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/christy-pruitt-haynes.jpg 443w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/christy-pruitt-haynes-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/christy-pruitt-haynes-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/christy-pruitt-haynes-12x12.jpg 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 443px) 100vw, 443px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><em>\u201cThat\u2019s when you establish why everyone is on the team and what the team is working towards. During that phase, you have the biggest opportunity to mitigate against bias and set the team up for success. [\u2026] Without that clarity, it is almost impossible for the team to work as a unit, acknowledge and appreciate the different skills everyone brings to the team, and plan a strategy on how to accomplish its goals.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">So, what would a productive forming stage look like for our fictitious digital marketing team?<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"691\" src=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/The-team-members-are-responding-to-the-leaders-welcome-message-min.png\" alt=\"The team members are responding to the leader\u2019s welcome message\" class=\"wp-image-3145\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/The-team-members-are-responding-to-the-leaders-welcome-message-min.png 1200w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/The-team-members-are-responding-to-the-leaders-welcome-message-min-300x173.png 300w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/The-team-members-are-responding-to-the-leaders-welcome-message-min-1024x590.png 1024w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/The-team-members-are-responding-to-the-leaders-welcome-message-min-768x442.png 768w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/The-team-members-are-responding-to-the-leaders-welcome-message-min-18x10.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The team members are responding to the leader\u2019s welcome message<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"custom-btn translation-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/register\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Improve team communication with Pumble<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">At this point, individual team members may not fully understand the team\u2019s purpose, how they\u2019ll fit in, and whether they\u2019ll collaborate well with others. So, the main objective of this first interaction is to break the ice and set everyone at ease.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">After that, <strong>groups usually turn to their leader for direction<\/strong>. In response, the leader might leverage everyone\u2019s excitement to introduce the first task the group needs to complete, as shown below.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"779\" src=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/The-team-leader-establishes-the-first-goals-to-work-toward-min.png\" alt=\"The team leader establishes the first goals to work toward\" class=\"wp-image-3146\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/The-team-leader-establishes-the-first-goals-to-work-toward-min.png 1200w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/The-team-leader-establishes-the-first-goals-to-work-toward-min-300x195.png 300w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/The-team-leader-establishes-the-first-goals-to-work-toward-min-1024x665.png 1024w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/The-team-leader-establishes-the-first-goals-to-work-toward-min-768x499.png 768w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/The-team-leader-establishes-the-first-goals-to-work-toward-min-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The team leader establishes the first goals to work toward<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Of course, not all teams get to set off on their project with such ease. Even so, most groups will need to hit certain milestones before moving to the next stage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group pro-tip\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><strong>\ud83c\udf93 Pumble Pro Tip<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Team leaders can use the forming stage to set their teams up for success. To learn more about that, read this article:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/collaboration\/team-collaboration-practices\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Best practices for productive team collaboration<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"moving-from-the-forming-to-the-storming-stage\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Moving from the Forming to the Storming stage<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">According to Christy Pruitt-Haynes, identifying the team\u2019s goal and the member\u2019s strengths should be the primary goal of the forming stage:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns pro-blockquote is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"443\" height=\"443\" src=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/christy-pruitt-haynes.jpg\" alt=\"christy pruitt-haynes\" class=\"wp-image-3144\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/christy-pruitt-haynes.jpg 443w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/christy-pruitt-haynes-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/christy-pruitt-haynes-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/christy-pruitt-haynes-12x12.jpg 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 443px) 100vw, 443px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><em>\u201cWhen moving from forming to storming, it is important to ensure everyone is aligned on what the goals are and who everyone is (their role on the team, why they are there, and what their strengths are). [\u2026] As a team, this is when you are most likely to acknowledge the differences you all have in skills, mindset, and background.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">CEO of Culture at Work with decades of experience in leadership coaching, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/coachingcultureatwork\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Carol Wilson<\/a>, added that <a href=\"https:\/\/cake.com\/blog\/empathetic-leadership\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">empathetic leadership<\/a> plays a vital role in transitioning groups between stages:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns pro-blockquote is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"455\" height=\"455\" src=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/carol-wilson.jpg\" alt=\"carol wilson\" class=\"wp-image-3149\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/carol-wilson.jpg 455w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/carol-wilson-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/carol-wilson-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/carol-wilson-12x12.jpg 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 455px) 100vw, 455px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><em>\u201cTime invested by the leader and the team members in listening to and empathizing with the others in the Forming stage will pay off substantially further down the line. Expectations and job descriptions should be clearly laid out and the leader should role model the behaviour they would like to see the team exhibit.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Professor and Chair of Organizational Leadership at Utah Valley University and member of the Forbes Coaches Council, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/jonathanhwestover\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Jonathan H. Westover<\/a>, noted that communication is the key to effective transitioning between stages:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns pro-blockquote is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"418\" height=\"418\" src=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/westover-1-small-1.jpg\" alt=\"jonathan westover \" class=\"wp-image-3150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/westover-1-small-1.jpg 418w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/westover-1-small-1-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/westover-1-small-1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/westover-1-small-1-12x12.jpg 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 418px) 100vw, 418px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><em>\u201cTo help teams transition between the various stages of group development, I recommend:&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><em>Open communication,&nbsp;<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><em>Setting clear expectations, and&nbsp;<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><em>Providing regular feedback.&nbsp;<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><em>The team leader should also be aware of the team&#8217;s progress and be willing to adjust their leadership style accordingly.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">In short, leaders must encourage the team members to develop a level of understanding and appreciation toward one another to smooth the transition between stages of group development.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group pro-tip\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><strong>\ud83c\udf93 Pumble Pro Tip<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Knowing how to listen to the people you work with will deepen your understanding of them. Check out:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/blog\/deep-listening\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">How to engage in deep listening in the workplace<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/communication\/active-listening\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Active listening: Benefits, skills, and tips<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"step-2-storming-stage-of-group-development-explained\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Step #2: Storming stage of group development explained<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Going back to Tuckman\u2019s 1965 paper, we can see that t<strong>he second stage of group development was initially labeled as a phase of \u201cintragroup conflict.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">In other words, this stage represents a time when the group <strong>members become hostile toward one another<\/strong>. They start <strong>challenging each other<\/strong> \u2014 as well as their leader\u2019s authority.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">In the aforementioned 2021 overview of various group development models, the second stage is characterized by:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">A <strong>struggle for leadership roles<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Compromises<\/strong> and uncertainties, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">A <strong>risk of dismantling<\/strong> due to emotions and relational issues.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Ultimately, these disputes are the result of <strong>members struggling against group assimilation<\/strong>. <strong>Communication becomes more difficult<\/strong> as different personalities come into play, leading to infighting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">According to Tuckman, this stage is also exemplified by <strong>emotional responses to task assignments<\/strong>. In other words, group members begin to have emotional reactions to work-related requests from other group members or leadership.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Key points for the storming stage:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Individuals resist assimilation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">They challenge each other and the leader\u2019s management style.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Team members exhibit emotional responses to task assignments.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">They feel anxious and defensive.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">The stage ends with a clear division of responsibilities.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"communication-during-the-storming-stage-of-team-development\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Communication during the storming stage of team development<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">As we have established, the storming phase of group development is exemplified by conflict, friction, and resistance to assimilation. During the stage, most people tend to drop their polite facades and show their true character.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Of course, this pushback doesn\u2019t always transform into outright verbal confrontations. Rather, members can form cliques within the group, which can damage the overall structure of the team.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"695\" src=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/An-example-of-contentious-communication-min.png\" alt=\"An example of contentious communication on Pumble, a business messaging app\" class=\"wp-image-3151\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/An-example-of-contentious-communication-min.png 1200w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/An-example-of-contentious-communication-min-300x174.png 300w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/An-example-of-contentious-communication-min-1024x593.png 1024w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/An-example-of-contentious-communication-min-768x445.png 768w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/An-example-of-contentious-communication-min-18x10.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">An example of contentious communication on Pumble, a business messaging app<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">\n<div class=\"banner banner-dark pumble-gradient-features\">\n    <div class=\"banner-text lg:pr-[6rem]\">\n        <h2 class=\"translation-block text-2xl !mb-4\">Communication made easy<\/h2>\n        <p class=\"translation-block !text-sm\">A communication app for teams of all kinds. Discuss, share, and collaborate.<\/p>\n\n        <div class=\"banner-buttons d-flex space-x-4 translation-block\">\n            <a class=\"rounded-md px-6 py-2 bg-white\" href=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/solutions\" target=\"_blank\">Solutions<\/a>\n\n                            <a class=\"button-2\" href=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/register\" target=\"_blank\">Register<\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"banner-image banner-image-middle \">\n        <picture>\n            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/themes\/cake-learn\/src\/images\/pumble\/banners\/features@2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Illustration\"  media=\"(min-width: 1022px)\" \/>\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/themes\/cake-learn\/src\/images\/pumble\/banners\/features.png\"  alt=\"Illustration\" \/>\n        <\/picture>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n    <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Not discussing the underlying cause of these tensions can cause the group to linger in this stage for longer than necessary. So, a <a href=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/collaboration\/poor-team-performance\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">lack of conflict<\/a> would be just as dysfunctional as prolonged disputes among team members.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">According to Christy Pruitt-Haynes, <a href=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/blog\/communication-styles-for-leaders\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">effective leadership<\/a> is necessary to keep teams on track:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns pro-blockquote is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"443\" height=\"443\" src=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/christy-pruitt-haynes.jpg\" alt=\"christy pruitt-haynes\" class=\"wp-image-3144\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/christy-pruitt-haynes.jpg 443w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/christy-pruitt-haynes-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/christy-pruitt-haynes-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/christy-pruitt-haynes-12x12.jpg 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 443px) 100vw, 443px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><em>\u201cThe speed at which a team moves from one stage to the next depends on several factors, and each team needs to work through them efficiently but completely. It is better to be thorough than rushed; but, at the same time, an effective leader looks for signs that the team is stuck and, when that occurs, they move them along.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">However, Jonathan H. Westover cautions against rushing through the stages of group development, saying that:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns pro-blockquote is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"418\" height=\"418\" src=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/westover-1-small-1.jpg\" alt=\"jonathan westover \" class=\"wp-image-3150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/westover-1-small-1.jpg 418w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/westover-1-small-1-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/westover-1-small-1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/westover-1-small-1-12x12.jpg 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 418px) 100vw, 418px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><em>\u201cManagers should not rush their teams through the beginning stages. Each stage is essential for the team to develop and perform effectively. Allowing a team to linger in a certain stage can be beneficial if it is necessary for the team&#8217;s growth.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">With that in mind, let\u2019s take a moment to consider what it takes to transition the group from this stage to the next.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"moving-from-the-storming-to-the-norming-stage\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Moving from the Storming to the Norming stage<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Christy Pruitt-Haynes also mentioned that the main question team leaders should ask themselves when transitioning their team toward the norming stage of group development is <em>\u201cHow?\u201d<\/em> More specifically, she says the questions should be:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns pro-blockquote is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"443\" height=\"443\" src=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/christy-pruitt-haynes.jpg\" alt=\"christy pruitt-haynes\" class=\"wp-image-3144\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/christy-pruitt-haynes.jpg 443w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/christy-pruitt-haynes-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/christy-pruitt-haynes-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/christy-pruitt-haynes-12x12.jpg 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 443px) 100vw, 443px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><em>\u201cHow will we engage with each other, how will we work through conflict, how will we hold each other accountable, and how will we push back respectfully when we need to?&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><em>During the storming phase, a team is most likely to resent the differences in work styles, backgrounds, and skills. However, in order to move to norming, that needs to shift from resenting to accepting those differences. The goals for this transition include:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><em>Being able to work through conflicts while preserving relationships,<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><em>Being aligned on what the priorities are and what the limitations are.\u201d<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Carol Wilson told us that <a href=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/collaboration\/team-conflict\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">conflict resolution<\/a> should be the team leader\u2019s main task during this stage, and even mentioned that, once again, it\u2019s all about encouraging understanding:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns pro-blockquote is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"455\" height=\"455\" src=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/carol-wilson.jpg\" alt=\"carol wilson\" class=\"wp-image-3149\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/carol-wilson.jpg 455w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/carol-wilson-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/carol-wilson-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/carol-wilson-12x12.jpg 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 455px) 100vw, 455px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><em>\u201c[Conflicts] can be resolved by helping members understand that, although other members may think and work in different ways, or hold different opinions, such diversity strengthens the team by providing a wider range of knowledge, skills, and resources.&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><em>Each member should try to deliver sincere positive feedback to the others, working towards stable relationships where suggestions will be viewed as contributions rather than criticisms.&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><em>The leader should let go of the small stuff and encourage people to approach tasks in their own way wherever possible.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">These ideas were succinctly summed up by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maria-szandrach\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Maria Szandrach<\/a>, CEO of Mentalyc who also holds an MSc degree in Management from London Business School. She noted that leaders should:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns pro-blockquote is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"450\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/maria-szandrach.jpg\" alt=\"maria szandrach\" class=\"wp-image-3152\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/maria-szandrach.jpg 450w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/maria-szandrach-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/maria-szandrach-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/maria-szandrach-12x12.jpg 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><em>\u201cEncourage active listening, provide a platform for conflict resolution, and promote collaboration and compromise. Facilitate discussions to establish shared norms, values, and processes.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"step-3-norming-stage-of-group-development-explained\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Step #3: Norming stage of group development explained<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The norming stage of team development is when <strong>the discontent and tension of the storming stage dissipate<\/strong>. As the term \u201cnorming\u201d suggests, this is when <strong>participation in group activities becomes normalized<\/strong>. The task conflicts that marked the previous phase of group development are set aside in favor of <strong>ensuring harmony<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Since this phase allows group members to reach a consensus, many think of it as the <strong>crucial turning point<\/strong> in the process of group development. According to Jonathan H. Westover, this is when the group agrees to <strong>resolve internal disagreements<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns pro-blockquote is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"418\" height=\"418\" src=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/westover-1-small-1.jpg\" alt=\"jonathan westover \" class=\"wp-image-3150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/westover-1-small-1.jpg 418w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/westover-1-small-1-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/westover-1-small-1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/westover-1-small-1-12x12.jpg 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 418px) 100vw, 418px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><em>\u201c[The norming] stage is where the group establishes clear norms and expectations, which helps to avoid future conflicts. A well-established norming stage can lead to a high-performing team.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The team is now able to operate as a cohesive unit, as members accept each other\u2019s idiosyncrasies and their own position within the group. Leadership becomes more <a href=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/blog\/emergent-leadership\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">open and decentralized<\/a> as members feel more comfortable with each other and offer more <a href=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/blog\/remote-constructive-feedback\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">constructive feedback<\/a> instead of criticism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">That might be why one of the studies Tuckman referenced in his original paper described this stage of group development as <em>\u201cone of <\/em><strong><em>freedom and friendliness supportive of insightful behavior<\/em><\/strong><em> and change.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Key points for the norming stage:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Team members accept their roles within the group.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">They come to terms with the other members\u2019 idiosyncrasies.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">There is an emergence of insight, as everyone becomes more receptive to feedback.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/blog\/group-communication\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Group communication<\/a> becomes more open as members share task status updates amongst themselves.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">The group encourages creativity and harmony.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"communication-during-the-norming-stage-of-team-development\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Communication during the norming stage of team development<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">As we have established, the various processes that take place during the norming stage allow members to <a href=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/blog\/transparent-communication\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">become much more transparent<\/a> with each other. In other words, communication becomes more open and honest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">According to Christy-Pruitt Haynes, norming helps groups prepare to <strong>anticipate and mitigate problems as they arise<\/strong>, without blaming team members when things go astray:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns pro-blockquote is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"443\" height=\"443\" src=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/christy-pruitt-haynes.jpg\" alt=\"christy pruitt-haynes\" class=\"wp-image-3144\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/christy-pruitt-haynes.jpg 443w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/christy-pruitt-haynes-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/christy-pruitt-haynes-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/christy-pruitt-haynes-12x12.jpg 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 443px) 100vw, 443px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><em>\u201cTeams understand that they are more productive because of the diverse skills represented\u2026 [\u2026] They know and trust their team members and are most likely to give them the benefit of the doubt if something goes wrong (as opposed to pointing fingers when problems arise in earlier stages). \u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Another factor that affects group communication during this stage is the establishment of rules, roles, and processes. That means that members are <strong>no longer confused as to who they should contact about certain issues<\/strong> or who has which responsibility on the team. Here\u2019s an example of what that kind of communication might look like.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"849\" src=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Open-communication-in-a-direct-message-exchange-min.png\" alt=\"Open communication in a direct message exchange on Pumble, a team collaboration app\" class=\"wp-image-3153\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Open-communication-in-a-direct-message-exchange-min.png 1200w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Open-communication-in-a-direct-message-exchange-min-300x212.png 300w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Open-communication-in-a-direct-message-exchange-min-1024x724.png 1024w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Open-communication-in-a-direct-message-exchange-min-768x543.png 768w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Open-communication-in-a-direct-message-exchange-min-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Open communication in a direct message exchange on Pumble, a team collaboration app<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"custom-btn translation-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/register\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Reach out to relevant people in Pumble <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">As we can see, Eve the Designer doesn\u2019t feel like she has to reach out to Nate the Editor through a third party. Instead, she can direct her question to the person who\u2019s working on the task she\u2019s interested in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">This <strong>allows the team to start operating at a higher level<\/strong>, which will eventually let them enter the performing stage of group development. With that in mind, let\u2019s see what the experts have to say about how groups move from norming to performing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"moving-from-the-norming-to-the-performing-stage\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Moving from the Norming to the Performing stage<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">According to Carol Wilson, transitioning from the norming stage to the performing stage will <strong>require leaders to adjust their <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/blog\/communication-styles-for-leaders\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>communication style<\/strong><\/a>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns pro-blockquote is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"455\" height=\"455\" src=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/carol-wilson.jpg\" alt=\"carol wilson\" class=\"wp-image-3149\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/carol-wilson.jpg 455w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/carol-wilson-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/carol-wilson-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/carol-wilson-12x12.jpg 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 455px) 100vw, 455px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><em>\u201cLeaders should use a coaching approach and ask the team for their solutions before giving the leader\u2019s own. A team at the Norming stage will have much to offer in terms of experience and ideas which, if accessed, can save leaders time and energy, leaving them free to focus on the wider horizon, for example, broadening the scope through strategic partnerships and succession planning.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Therefore, a key part of the transition between norming and performing is <strong>being able to rely on team members to perform project-related activities<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">To that end, leaders will <strong>need to be able to recognize and utilize individual members\u2019 strengths<\/strong>. According to Maria Szandrach, that\u2019s how leaders can get their teams to move from norming to performing:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns pro-blockquote is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"450\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/maria-szandrach.jpg\" alt=\"maria szandrach\" class=\"wp-image-3152\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/maria-szandrach.jpg 450w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/maria-szandrach-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/maria-szandrach-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/maria-szandrach-12x12.jpg 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><em>\u201cFoster a supportive environment,<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><em>Recognize and leverage individual strengths,<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><em>Encourage autonomy and ownership, and<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><em>Provide resources and support to enable high performance.\u201d<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Having said that, let\u2019s see what happens when teams finally hit their stride and reach peak performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group pro-tip\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><strong>\ud83c\udf93 Pumble Pro Tip<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Before discussing the performing stage of group development, let\u2019s take a moment to consider what makes a team productive. This guide should help:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/collaboration\/productive-teams\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Defining traits of productive teams<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">\n<div class=\"banner banner-dark pumble-gradient-landing-1\">\n    <div class=\"banner-text lg:pr-[6rem]\">\n        <h2 class=\"translation-block text-2xl !mb-4\">Boost team productivity<\/h2>\n        <p class=\"translation-block !text-sm\">Make communication simple and effective. Get things done easily. Try Pumble.<\/p>\n\n        <div class=\"banner-buttons d-flex space-x-4 translation-block\">\n            <a class=\"rounded-md px-6 py-2 bg-white\" href=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/register\" target=\"_blank\">Join now<\/a>\n\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"banner-image banner-image-stretch \">\n        <picture>\n            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/themes\/cake-learn\/src\/images\/pumble\/banners\/landing-1@2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Illustration\"  media=\"(min-width: 1022px)\" \/>\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/themes\/cake-learn\/src\/images\/pumble\/banners\/landing-1.png\"  alt=\"Illustration\" \/>\n        <\/picture>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n    <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"step-4-performing-stage-of-group-development-explained\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Step #4: Performing stage of group development explained<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">In Tuckman\u2019s analysis of group development models, the stage when the relationships within a group normalize is usually followed by one when <strong>the team finally becomes functional<\/strong>. In other words, it becomes an <strong>entity capable of problem-solving<\/strong>, as each member settles into their role and understands the roles of others.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Maria Szandrach notes that reaching this phase is something most team leaders strive toward, saying:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns pro-blockquote is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"450\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/maria-szandrach.jpg\" alt=\"maria szandrach\" class=\"wp-image-3152\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/maria-szandrach.jpg 450w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/maria-szandrach-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/maria-szandrach-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/maria-szandrach-12x12.jpg 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><em>\u201cWhile all stages of Tuckman&#8217;s model are crucial, the performing stage is often considered the most important. At this stage, the group has:&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><em>Successfully navigated the initial challenges,&nbsp;<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><em>Established clear norms, and&nbsp;<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><em>Is functioning at a high level of productivity and collaboration.&nbsp;<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><em>The performing stage represents the achievement of the group&#8217;s potential and the ability to deliver optimal results.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">One of the studies he included in his synthesis labeled this final stage as one of \u201cpositive independence\u201d which is \u201ccharacterized by simultaneous autonomy and mutuality.\u201d So, the members of a team in this stage of group development <strong>can execute the tasks assigned to them independently<\/strong> while also acting in the greater interest of the group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Tuckman himself labeled this stage as one of \u201cfunctional role-relatedness\u201d \u2014 indicating that <strong>group members are ready to fully embody their roles and enhance the group\u2019s task activities<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Ideally, this phase would last until the project the group was formed around was completed. Then again, different circumstances may change the direction of the group development \u2014 as we\u2019ll discuss when we get to the critiques of this model.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Key points for the performing stage:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">The group enters peak performance mode.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Members act independently while also working as a team.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">The group acts as a sounding board and support system.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Communication is harmonious and open.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Meetings are shorter and less frequent due to a <a href=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/blog\/miscommunication-in-the-workplace\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">lack of miscommunication<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"communication-during-the-performing-stage-of-team-development\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Communication during the performing stage of team development<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">According to the 2021 overview of group development theories by Vaida and \u015eerban, the performing stage represents <strong>peak efficiency and coordination within the team<\/strong>. Most <strong>processes occur smoothly <\/strong>and<strong> interpersonal relationships flourish<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">So, for this stage, <strong>communication should be pretty uneventful<\/strong>, with members sharing status reports and having friendly exchanges with each other. As the adjourning stage approaches, members may become more interested in celebrating each other\u2019s successes, as seen in the image below.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"696\" src=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Team-members-acknowledge-the-groups-success-min.png\" alt=\"Team members acknowledge the group\u2019s success using emoji reactions on Pumble, a team collaboration app\" class=\"wp-image-3154\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Team-members-acknowledge-the-groups-success-min.png 1200w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Team-members-acknowledge-the-groups-success-min-300x174.png 300w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Team-members-acknowledge-the-groups-success-min-1024x594.png 1024w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Team-members-acknowledge-the-groups-success-min-768x445.png 768w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Team-members-acknowledge-the-groups-success-min-18x10.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Team members acknowledge the group\u2019s success using emoji reactions on Pumble, a team collaboration app<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"custom-btn translation-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/register\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Celebrate your team with emojis in Pumble <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"moving-from-the-performing-to-the-adjourning-stage\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Moving from the Performing to the Adjourning stage<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">At this point, we\u2019ve reviewed all of the original 4 stages of team development Tuckman identified in his 1965 paper. But, how does a group move from the original final stage, performing, to the adjourning stage?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Most of the experts we have spoken to have agreed that the performing stage is the ideal time for <strong>laying the groundwork for an upcoming group disbandment<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">According to Christy Pruitt-Haynes, it comes down to being able to <strong>acknowledge individual and group successes<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns pro-blockquote is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"443\" height=\"443\" src=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/christy-pruitt-haynes.jpg\" alt=\"christy pruitt-haynes\" class=\"wp-image-3144\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/christy-pruitt-haynes.jpg 443w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/christy-pruitt-haynes-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/christy-pruitt-haynes-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/christy-pruitt-haynes-12x12.jpg 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 443px) 100vw, 443px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><em>\u201cEach member should be able to articulate what they did, what they learned, and what they taught others. One mark of a successful team or project is how each person grew during the process.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><em>If the team did a good job outlining the goals and measures of success, adjoining should be a fairly easy process because everyone sees the end of the project coming and ideally feels good about their contribution.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Carol Wilson also noted that <strong>the team leader should also get some recognition<\/strong> during this time:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns pro-blockquote is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"455\" height=\"455\" src=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/carol-wilson.jpg\" alt=\"carol wilson\" class=\"wp-image-3149\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/carol-wilson.jpg 455w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/carol-wilson-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/carol-wilson-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/carol-wilson-12x12.jpg 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 455px) 100vw, 455px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><em>\u201cThe leader and team members should show recognition for the contributions of others and ensure that credit is awarded where due. This applies as much to team members validating the leader as the other way around.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><em>If anyone is left feeling that their contribution is not being recognised, the resentment may regress the team back into the Storming stage, or be carried through to the next project and Storming will be proportionately harder to overcome in the future.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Sharing these acknowledgments will <strong>create optimal conditions for a satisfying termination of the group<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"step-5-adjourning-stage-of-group-development-explained\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Step #5: Adjourning stage of group development explained<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">After examining research on the life cycle of small groups, Bruce Tuckman and Mary Ann Jensen recognized that Tuckman\u2019s original model neglected to propose a phase in which the <strong>group members disengage from one another and terminate group activities<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">To make up for it, they introduced the adjourning stage, which represents the \u201cdeath of the group.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Carol Wilson summed it up perfectly:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns pro-blockquote is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"455\" height=\"455\" src=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/carol-wilson.jpg\" alt=\"carol wilson\" class=\"wp-image-3149\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/carol-wilson.jpg 455w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/carol-wilson-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/carol-wilson-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/carol-wilson-12x12.jpg 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 455px) 100vw, 455px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><em>\u201cAdjourning, a stage that Professor Tuckman added in 1977, is a time for:&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><em>Thanking people,&nbsp;<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><em>Recognition of individual achievements,&nbsp;<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><em>Reflection on how far the team has come, the turning points along the way, and what its members can take forward from the team to the future.\u201d<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">In addition to <a href=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/blog\/congratulations-at-work\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">celebrating group achievements<\/a>, Wilson stressed the importance of <strong>notifying external stakeholders about collective and individual achievements<\/strong> during this stage in order to set the stage for future successful collaborations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">However, Christy Pruitt-Haynes noted that this stage isn\u2019t always celebratory. As group activities come to a stop, <strong>anxiety may creep in<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns pro-blockquote is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"443\" height=\"443\" src=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/christy-pruitt-haynes.jpg\" alt=\"christy pruitt-haynes\" class=\"wp-image-3144\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/christy-pruitt-haynes.jpg 443w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/christy-pruitt-haynes-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/christy-pruitt-haynes-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/christy-pruitt-haynes-12x12.jpg 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 443px) 100vw, 443px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><em>\u201cTeam members may not know what is next for them but in most cases, one successful team experience makes anticipating the next a little easier. As a final step, teams should have a post-mortem to discuss what they did well, what they would change, and how to move forward.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:17px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Ultimately, the adjourning stage of group development is crucial because it encompasses all the processes that anticipate the disbandment of the group. As such, it\u2019s only natural that some group members may experience separation anxiety, right alongside feelings of accomplishment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Key points for the adjourning stage:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">The project around which the group was formed is complete.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">The members discuss what went wrong and what went right.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">They share feedback amongst themselves.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">The team leader informs external stakeholders of the group\u2019s accomplishments.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">The group celebrates the successful completion of a project.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"communication-during-the-adjourning-stage-of-team-development\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Communication during the adjourning stage of team development<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Having completed the project the group was formed around, members look back at the process of psychological development they went through.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Each person can see how they have changed since the beginning of the project individually and as a team player. They can also note how their team members have changed, and share their findings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Most notably, this is a stage when the role of the team leader once again becomes crucial. Namely, the leader must now dole out <a href=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/blog\/feedback-vs-feedforward\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">feedback or, rather, feedforward<\/a> to help group members solidify the knowledge they have gained while working on the project.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Moreover, as we have previously mentioned, they must share those insights with external stakeholders. In the case of a professional environment, those can be either higher-ups within the company or external partners and clients. This will make team members feel appreciated, as shown in the exchange below.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"725\" src=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/The-team-leader-expresses-gratitude-min.png\" alt=\"The team leader expresses gratitude to his team members on Pumble, a business communication app\n\" class=\"wp-image-3155\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/The-team-leader-expresses-gratitude-min.png 1200w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/The-team-leader-expresses-gratitude-min-300x181.png 300w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/The-team-leader-expresses-gratitude-min-1024x619.png 1024w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/The-team-leader-expresses-gratitude-min-768x464.png 768w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/The-team-leader-expresses-gratitude-min-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The team leader expresses gratitude to his team members on Pumble, a business communication app\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">\n<div class=\"banner banner-dark pumble-gradient-landing-3\">\n    <div class=\"banner-text lg:pr-[6rem]\">\n        <h2 class=\"translation-block text-2xl !mb-4\">Empower team communication<\/h2>\n        <p class=\"translation-block !text-sm\">Strengthen teams and simplify work with Pumble \u2014 the all-in-one communication app.<\/p>\n\n        <div class=\"banner-buttons d-flex space-x-4 translation-block\">\n            <a class=\"rounded-md px-6 py-2 bg-white\" href=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/register\" target=\"_blank\">Join now<\/a>\n\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"banner-image banner-image-bottom \">\n        <picture>\n            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/themes\/cake-learn\/src\/images\/pumble\/banners\/landing-3@2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Illustration\"  media=\"(min-width: 1022px)\" \/>\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/themes\/cake-learn\/src\/images\/pumble\/banners\/landing-3.png\"  alt=\"Illustration\" \/>\n        <\/picture>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n    <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">In this particular case, we can assume that creating one month\u2019s worth of social media content for several clients is the end of one chapter in this group\u2019s life cycle. However, if they continue working on the same type of task month after month, <strong>they may continue to cycle through the stages <\/strong>we have discussed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Does that fit with Tuckman\u2019s original vision of team development? To get to the bottom of that question, let\u2019s talk about the critiques of Tuckman\u2019s stages of group development.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"critiques-of-tuckmans-model-of-group-development\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Critiques of Tuckman\u2019s model of group development<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">In Tuckman\u2019s 1977 follow-up article, Mary Ann Jensen reminded us that Tuckman\u2019s original paper noted the limitations of the literature he used to extract his hypothetical model. Namely, Tuckman mentioned that there was an <strong>overrepresentation of therapy and training group settings in the literature<\/strong>. Thus, making generalizations that also applied to the development of groups in natural and laboratory settings proved difficult.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Even so, not many of the experts we have spoken to noted this omission when talking about the limitations of Tuckman\u2019s stages of group development. Rather, the critiques they were familiar with usually came down to the model\u2019s:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\">Reliance on <strong>linear progression<\/strong>, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Emphasis on group behavior<\/strong> over individual and external factors.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">However, many experts today have found workarounds for these omissions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"point-1-tuckmans-model-could-be-read-as-being-overly-reliant-on-linear-progression\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Point #1: Tuckman\u2019s model could be read as being overly reliant on linear progression<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Jonathan H. Westover told us that one of the biggest criticisms of Tuckman\u2019s model is that it <strong>assumes a constant linear progression<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns pro-blockquote is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"418\" height=\"418\" src=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/westover-1-small-1.jpg\" alt=\"jonathan westover \" class=\"wp-image-3150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/westover-1-small-1.jpg 418w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/westover-1-small-1-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/westover-1-small-1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/westover-1-small-1-12x12.jpg 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 418px) 100vw, 418px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><em>\u201cOne of the main criticisms of Tuckman&#8217;s model is that it assumes a linear progression through the stages. In reality, groups can move back and forth between the stages, and some groups may never reach the performing stage.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Maria Szandrach explained why this may present a problem:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns pro-blockquote is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"450\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/maria-szandrach.jpg\" alt=\"maria szandrach\" class=\"wp-image-3152\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/maria-szandrach.jpg 450w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/maria-szandrach-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/maria-szandrach-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/maria-szandrach-12x12.jpg 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><em>\u201cGroup development is often more fluid and non-linear, with stages overlapping or revisited.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">In other words, <strong>teams often move back and forth between stages, even during a single project<\/strong>. Researchers have long been aware of this omission, as evidenced by Jack K. Ito and C\u00e9leste M. Brotheridge\u2019s paper <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/235278845_Do_teams_grow_up_one_stage_at_a_time_Exploring_the_complexity_of_group_development_models\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Do teams grow up one stage at a time? Exploring the complexity of group development models<\/em><\/a><em>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Upon surveying 204 public servants in Canada, this study concluded that, while <strong>most teams followed the predictable group life cycle, many didn\u2019t<\/strong>. According to the researchers, <strong>the difference lies in how successfully a group navigates challenges<\/strong>. That\u2019s why particularly contentious stages of group development \u2014 such as the storming stage \u2014 may occur several times.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Furthermore, <strong>individuals can go through these stages at different times<\/strong>, as Christy Pruitt-Haynes noted:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns pro-blockquote is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"443\" height=\"443\" src=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/christy-pruitt-haynes.jpg\" alt=\"christy pruitt-haynes\" class=\"wp-image-3144\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/christy-pruitt-haynes.jpg 443w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/christy-pruitt-haynes-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/christy-pruitt-haynes-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/christy-pruitt-haynes-12x12.jpg 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 443px) 100vw, 443px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><em>\u201cWhen an employee first joins an organization they immediately start at the forming stage. So, Tuckman\u2019s process doesn\u2019t just apply to newly formed teams, it applies to each individual joining an established team. It serves as a reminder that teams are in a constant state of flux and that that flux applies to each of us.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">But, while we\u2019re on the subject of individuals, let\u2019s talk about the other point of contention we have mentioned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"point-2-tuckmans-model-doesnt-sufficiently-recognize-the-influence-of-individual-and-external-factors\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Point #2: Tuckman\u2019s model doesn\u2019t sufficiently recognize the influence of individual and external factors<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">The second critique we heard from the experts we spoke to was that Tuckman\u2019s model places too much <strong>emphasis on group behavior over individual factors and external factors<\/strong>. Maria Szandrach mentioned some of the factors the model doesn\u2019t account for, saying:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns pro-blockquote is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"450\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/maria-szandrach.jpg\" alt=\"maria szandrach\" class=\"wp-image-3152\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/maria-szandrach.jpg 450w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/maria-szandrach-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/maria-szandrach-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/maria-szandrach-12x12.jpg 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><em>\u201cSome argue that Tuckman&#8217;s model does not sufficiently account for factors such as individual personalities, diversity, or external influences on group dynamics.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">However, it\u2019s difficult to call this an outright omission of Tuckman\u2019s model. After all, the <strong>storming<\/strong> stage he included <strong>could be seen as the direct result of individuals working through their differences<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">In any case, as with the previous critique, people usually find ways to adapt Tuckman\u2019s model in a way that accounts for these differences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Still, being aware of these critiques allows us to be more intentional in our attempts to apply the model to real-life teams. More than anything, it allows us to conceptualize Tuckman\u2019s stages of group development as a theoretical model that accommodates fluidity.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">As Carol Wilson told us, Tuckman\u2019s stages of group development are a \u201csimple, robust, and enduring model,\u201d adding that:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns pro-blockquote is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"455\" height=\"455\" src=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/carol-wilson.jpg\" alt=\"carol wilson\" class=\"wp-image-3149\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/carol-wilson.jpg 455w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/carol-wilson-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/carol-wilson-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/carol-wilson-12x12.jpg 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 455px) 100vw, 455px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><em>\u201cIt does not provide solutions but does not set out to do that.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">In saying this, Wilson reminds us that <strong>Tuckman\u2019s original works<\/strong> on this matter, published in 1965 and 1977, <strong>never offered any tips for navigating the forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning stages<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Instead, they merely described what <a href=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/collaboration\/types-of-teams\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">different teams<\/a> go through during each of those stages. Everything else was added to the theory at a later date and is thus subject to interpretation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">\n<div class=\"banner banner-dark pumble-gradient-features\">\n    <div class=\"banner-text lg:pr-[6rem]\">\n        <h2 class=\"translation-block text-2xl !mb-4\">All-in-one digital HQ<\/h2>\n        <p class=\"translation-block !text-sm\">A communication app for teams of all kinds. Discuss, share, and collaborate.<\/p>\n\n        <div class=\"banner-buttons d-flex space-x-4 translation-block\">\n            <a class=\"rounded-md px-6 py-2 bg-white\" href=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/register\" target=\"_blank\">Join Pumble<\/a>\n\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"banner-image banner-image-middle \">\n        <picture>\n            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/themes\/cake-learn\/src\/images\/pumble\/banners\/features@2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Illustration\"  media=\"(min-width: 1022px)\" \/>\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/wp-content\/themes\/cake-learn\/src\/images\/pumble\/banners\/features.png\"  alt=\"Illustration\" \/>\n        <\/picture>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n    <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"leverage-tuckmans-model-with-pumble-for-effective-team-development\" class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Leverage Tuckman&#8217;s model with Pumble for effective team development<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Ultimately, Tuckman\u2019s stages of forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning showcase the collective psychological development a team goes through while working on a project.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">However, successfully navigating these stages requires more than just theoretical understanding \u2014 it demands practical tools and effective communication strategies, and that is where Pumble comes in.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">An all-in-one team communication app, integrating Pumble into your workflow and leveraging its features can help your team navigate Tuckman&#8217;s model more effectively. With Pumble, teams can ensure that all members are progressing through the stages together and address any differences or challenges that may arise along the way.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Furthermore, Pumble&#8217;s ability to adapt to the unique needs of different teams makes it an invaluable tool for applying Tuckman&#8217;s model in various contexts. Whether teams are newly formed or already established, Pumble empowers them to work cohesively towards a shared goal and achieve peak performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><em>Incorporate Pumble into your team\u2019s workflow and unlock its full potential <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"custom-btn translation-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pumble.com\/register\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Sign up today<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Familiarisez-vous avec les \u00e9tapes du d\u00e9veloppement d'un groupe selon Tuckman afin de mieux comprendre le processus de collaboration. Apprenez \u00e0 appliquer la th\u00e9orie de la formation, de la temp\u00eate, de la normalisation et de la performance \u00e0 une \u00e9quipe du monde r\u00e9el.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[16,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3141","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fundamentals","category-collaboration"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3141","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3141"}],"version-history":[{"count":31,"href":"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3141\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13167,"href":"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3141\/revisions\/13167"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3141"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3141"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pumble.com\/learn\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3141"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}